Egbert
(Ecgberht)
829-839[2] c.775[3]
son of Ealhmund of Kent[2] Redburga
3 children[2] 4 February 839
aged about 64[2]
Ethelwulf
(Æþelwulf)
5 February
839-856 Aachen
son of Egbert and Redburga (1) Osburga
6 children
(2) Judith of Flanders
1 October 853
no children 13 January 858
62 or 63[4]
Ethelbald
(Æþelbald)
856-860 c.831
son of Ethelwulf and Osburga Judith of Flanders
no children 20 December 860
aged about 29[5]
Ethelbert
(Æþelberht)
21 December
860-865 c.835
son of Ethelwulf and Osburga unknown
2 children 865
aged about 30[6]
Ethelred
(Æþelræd)
865-871 c.837
son of Ethelwulf and Osburga Wulfrida
868
2 children 23 April 871
aged about 34[7]
Alfred the Great
(Ælfræd)
24 April
871–899[8] c.849
Wantage
son of Ethelwulf and Osburga[9] Ealhswith
Winchester
868
6 children[10] 26 October 899
aged about 50[8]
Edward the Elder
(Eadweard)
27 October
899–924[11] c.871-877
son of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith[12] (1) Ecgwynn
893
3 children
(2) Aelffaed
c.902
10 children
(3) Edgiva of Kent
905
4 children[13] 17 July 924
Farndon, Cheshire
aged about 50[11]
Elfward
(Ælfweard)
18 July -
2 August 924 No image
available c.902
son of Edward the Elder and Aelffaed unmarried 2 August 924
aged about 22
Athelstan the Glorious
(Æþelstan)
3 August
924–939[14] 895
son of Edward the Elder and Ecgwynn[15] unmarried[14] 27 October 939
aged about 44[14]
Edmund the Magnificent
(Eadmund)
28 October
939–946[16] c.921
son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent[16] (1) Elgiva
3 children
(2) Æthelflæd of Damerham
944
no children[17] 26 May 946
Pucklechurch
aged about 25 (murdered)[16]
Edred
(Eadred)
27 May
946–955[18] c.923
son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent[19] unmarried[19] 23 November 955
Frome
aged about 32[20]
Edwy the Fair
(Eadwig)
24 November
955–959[21] c.940
son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva[22] Elgiva[21] 1 October 959
aged about 19[21]
Edgar the Peaceable
(Eadgar)
2 October
959–975[23] c.943
Wessex
son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva[24] (1) Ethelflaed
c.960
1 son
(2) Ælfthryth
c.964[24]
2 sons 8 July 975
Winchester
aged about 32[25]
Saint Edward the Martyr
(Eadweard)
9 July
975–978[26] c.962
son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ethelflaed[27] unmarried 18 March 978
Corfe Castle
aged about 16 (assassinated)[26]
Ethelred the Unready
(Æþelræd Unræd)
19 March
978–1016[28] c.968
son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ælfthryth[29] (1) Ælflaed of Northumbria
4 children
(2) Aelgifu
991
6 children
(3) Emma of Normandy
1002
3 children[30] 23 April 1016
London
aged about 48[28]
Edmund Ironside
(Eadmund)
24 April –
30 November 1016[31] c.993
son of Ethelred the Unready and Ælflaed of Northumbria[31] Edith of East Anglia
2 children[32] 30 November 1016
Glastonbury
aged about 23[31][32]
[edit] House of Denmark
England came under the rule of Danish kings following the reign of Ethelred the Unready. Some, though not all, of these were also kings of Denmark.
Monarch Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Sweyn Forkbeard
(Svend Tveskæg)
25 December[33]
1013–1014[34] c.960
Denmark
son of Harald Bluetooth and Gyrid Olafsdotti[35] (1) Gunhilda of Poland
c.990
7 children
(2) Sigrid the Haughty
c.1000
1 daughter[35] 3 February 1014
Gainsborough
aged about 54[35]
Canute
(Knud)
1 December
1016–1035[36] c.995
son of Sweyn Forkbeard[36] (1) Aelgifu of Northampton
2 children
(2) Emma of Normandy
1017[36] 12 November 1035
Shaftesbury
aged about 40[36]
Harold Harefoot
(Harald)
13 November
1035–1040[37] c.1016/7
son of Canute and Aelgifu of Northampton[37] Aelgifu
1 son[38] 17 March 1040
Oxford
aged about 23 or 24[37]
Harthacanute
(Hardeknud)
18 June
1040–1042[39] 1018
son of Canute and Emma of Normandy[38] unknown 8 June 1042
Lambeth
aged about 24[38]
[edit] House of Wessex (restored)
The old West Saxon line was restored, but Edward the Confessor, who was later canonised, was more Norman than English in his sympathies.
Monarch Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Saint Edward the Confessor
(Eadweard)
9 June
1042–1066[40] c.1005
Islip, Oxfordshire
son of Ethelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy[40] Edith of Wessex
23 January 1045
no children[40] 5 January 1066
Westminster Palace
aged about 60[40]
Harold Godwinson
(Harold Godwinesson)
6 January –
14 October 1066[40] c.1020
son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir[40] (1) Edith Swan-neck
6 children
(2) Ealdgyth of Mercia
York
c.1064
1 son[40]
14 October 1066
Hastings
aged about 46 (died in battle)[40]
Edgar the Atheling
(Eadgar Æþeling)
15 October –
17 December 1066[41] [1] c.1053
Hungary
son of Edward the Exile and Agatha[42] unmarried[42] c.1125
aged about 72[41]
[edit] House of Normandy
It was only after the Norman Conquest of 1066 that monarchs took regnal numbers in the French fashion, though the earlier custom of distinguishing monarchs by nicknames did not die out immediately.
Monarch Portrait Birth Marriages Death
William I the Conqueror
(Guillaume le Conquérant
ou le Bâtard)
25 December
1066–1087[43] c.1027
Falaise Castle
son of Robert II, Duke of Normandy and Herleva[43] Matilda of Flanders
Chapel Notre Dame of the castle in Eu, Normandy
1053
10 children[43] 9 September 1087
St. Gervais in Rouen
aged about 60[43]
William II Rufus
(Guillaume le Roux)
26 September
1087–1100[43] c.1060
Normandy
son of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders[43] unmarried 2 August 1100
New Forest
aged about 40[43]
Henry I
(Henri Beauclerc)
5 August
1100–1135[44] September 1068
Selby
son of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders[44] (1) Edith of Scotland
Westminster Abbey
11 November 1100
4 children
(2) Adeliza of Louvain
Windsor Castle
29 January 1121
no children[44] 1 December 1135
Castle of Lyons-la-Forêt (Saint-Denis-en-Lyons)
aged 67[44]
Stephen
(Étienne de Blois)
22 December
1135–1154[45] c.1096
Blois
son of Stephen, Count of Blois and Adela of Normandy[44] Matilda of Boulogne
Westminster
1125
5 children[44] 25 October 1154
Dover Castle
aged about 58[44]
Matilda
(Mathilde ou
Maud l'Impératrice)
7 April–1 November 1141[46] 7 February 1102
Sutton Courtenay
only legitimate daughter of Henry I and Edith of Scotland[47] (1) Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
Mainz
6 January 1114
no children
(2) Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou
Le Mans Cathedral
22 May 1128
4 children[46] 10 September 1167
Notre Dame des Prés in Rouen
aged 65[46]
[edit] House of Plantagenet
The early Plantagenets ruled many territories in France, and did not regard England as their primary home until after most of their French possessions were lost by King John. This long-lived dynasty is usually divided into three houses: the Angevins, the House of Lancaster, and the House of York.
[edit] Angevins
Monarch Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Henry II
(Henri Court-mantel)
19 December
1154–1189[48] 5 March 1133
Le Mans
son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda[48] Eleanor of Aquitaine
Bordeaux Cathedral
18 May 1152
8 children[48] 6 July 1189
Château Chinon
aged 56[48]
Henry the Young King
(coregent with his father)
14 June
1170–1183 [2] 28 February 1155
son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
Marguerite of France
Winchester Cathedral
27 August 1172
1 child 11 June 1183
Martel, Limoges
aged 28
Richard I the Lionheart
(Richard Cœur de Lion)
3 September
1189–1199[48] 8 September 1157
Beaumont Palace
son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine[48] Berengaria of Navarre
Limassol
12 May 1191
no children[48] 6 April 1199
Chalus
aged 41[48]
John Lackland
(Jean Sans Terre)
27 May
1199–1216[49] 24 December 1167
Beaumont Palace
son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine[49] (1) Isabel of Gloucester
Marlborough Castle
29 August 1189
no children
(2) Isabella of Angoulême
Bordeaux Cathedral
24 August 1200
5 children[49]
19 October 1216
Newark Castle
aged 48[49]
Henry III
28 October
1216–1272[50] 1 October 1207
Winchester Castle
son of John and Isabella of Angoulême[50] Eleanor of Provence
Canterbury Cathedral
14 January 1236
9 children[50] 16 November 1272
Westminster Palace
aged 65[50]
Edward I Longshanks
20 November
1272–1307[51] 17 June 1239
Westminster Palace
son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence[51] (1) Eleanor of Castile
Abbey of Las Huelgas
18 October 1254
17 children
(2) Marguerite of France
10 September 1299
3 children[51]
7 July 1307
Burgh by Sands
aged 68[51]
Edward II
7 July 1307 –
25 January 1327[52] 25 April 1284
Caernarfon Castle
son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile[52] Isabella of France
Boulogne Cathedral
25 January 1308
5 children[52] 21 September 1327
Berkeley Castle
aged 43 (murdered)[52]
Edward III
25 January
1327–1377[53] 13 November 1312
Windsor Castle
son of Edward II and Isabella of France[53] Philippa of Hainault
York Minster
24 January 1328
14 children[53] 21 June 1377
Sheen Palace
aged 64[53]
Richard II
21 June 1377 –
29 September 1399[54] 6 January 1367
Bordeaux
son of Edward, the Black Prince and Joan of Kent[54] (1) Anne of Bohemia
14 January 1382
no children
(2) Isabella of Valois
Calais
4 November 1396
no children[54]
6 January 1400
Pontefract Castle
aged 33[54]
[edit] House of Lancaster
Monarch Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Henry IV Bolingbroke
30 September
1399–1413[55] 3 April 1366/7
Bolingbroke Castle
son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster[55] (1) Mary de Bohun
Arundel Castle
27 July 1380
7 children
(2) Joanna of Navarre
Winchester Cathedral
7 February 1403
no children[55]
20 March 1413
Westminster Abbey
aged 45 or 46[56]
Henry V
20 March
1413–1422[55] 9 August 1387
Monmouth Castle
son of Henry IV an